Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) in Florida

doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06173-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: a NAI susceptibility of A/Denmark/524/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 NA-H274 (N2 numbering) wild-type reference virus. b NAI susceptibility of A/Denmark/528/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 NA-H274Y oseltamivir/peramivir-resistant reference virus. c NAI susceptibility of A/bottlenose dolphin/Florida/UFTt2203/2022 (Dolphin/FL) virus. Classifications follow WHO guidance for NAI susceptibility evaluation.

Article Snippet: Virus susceptibility to the NAIs oseltamivir carboxylate (oseltamivir), zanamivir, and peramivir (MedChem Express) was determined by fluorometric assay with the substrate 2′-(4-methylumberlliferyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (MUNANA) (Sigma) as described , with minor modifications.

Techniques: Virus

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Two Escape Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus to a Broadly Neutralizing Stalk-Binding Antibody

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005702

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Plaque reduction assay. MDCK cells in 6-well plates were infected with the WT or 39.29-resistant A/Perth/16/2009 viruses at 100 pfu/well for 1 hour. After removal of the virus inoculum, cells were overlaid with varying concentrations of oseltamivir acid in agarose. The numbers of plaques were counted for each virus and normalized to the number at the lowest oseltamivir acid concentration. The assay was done in triplicate with data presented as Mean +/- SEM. (B) Neuraminidase (NA) activity assay. Serial dilutions of the WT and 39.29-resistant viruses were incubated with a fluorescent NA substrate. NA activities as a function of the fluorescence intensities in relative fluorescence unit (RFU) were plotted on the y-axis versus the log10 virus dilutions on the x-axis. The assay was done in duplicate with data presented as Mean +/- SEM. (C) Virus dilutions with equal NA activities were incubated with varying concentrations of oseltamivir acid, followed by NA activity determination with the fluorescent NA substrate. The NA activities of each virus were normalized to the value at the lowest oseltamivir acid concentration. The assay was done in duplicate with data presented as Mean +/- SEM.

Article Snippet: After removal of the virus inoculum, cells were overlaid with varying concentrations of oseltamivir acid (Toronto Research Chemicals Cat# O700980) in Flu Media + 1% agarose and incubated at 37°C until plaques were visible.

Techniques: Infection, Virus, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Incubation, Fluorescence

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Two Escape Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus to a Broadly Neutralizing Stalk-Binding Antibody

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005702

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plaque reduction assay of viruses treated with oseltamivir acid.

Article Snippet: After removal of the virus inoculum, cells were overlaid with varying concentrations of oseltamivir acid (Toronto Research Chemicals Cat# O700980) in Flu Media + 1% agarose and incubated at 37°C until plaques were visible.

Techniques:

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: In Vitro Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Carrying a Dual Neuraminidase Mutation Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients

doi: 10.3390/pathogens9090725

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunocompromised patients infected with the dual H275Y mutant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir acid, peramivir trihydrate, and zanamivir hydrate were purchased from Biosynth Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK).

Techniques: Infection, Mutagenesis

Journal: Pathogens

Article Title: In Vitro Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Carrying a Dual Neuraminidase Mutation Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients

doi: 10.3390/pathogens9090725

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antiviral susceptibilities of the dual H275Y mutant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir acid, peramivir trihydrate, and zanamivir hydrate were purchased from Biosynth Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Design and synthesis of constrained bicyclic molecules as candidate inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193623

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sialic acid (α configuration), oseltamivir 1, zanamivir 2, peramivir 3 and the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold 4.

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir free acid and the substrate 2-(4-methylumbelliferyl) α- d -acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (MUNANA) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Design and synthesis of constrained bicyclic molecules as candidate inhibitors of influenza A neuraminidase

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193623

Figure Lengend Snippet: Control experiments with known NAIs. K i was determined for N1 wild-type andH274Y (both from virus A/Anhui/1/2005 H5N1) and N2 (A/Chicken/HongKong/G9/1997 H9N2).

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir free acid and the substrate 2-(4-methylumbelliferyl) α- d -acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate (MUNANA) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques: Control, Virus